A taxonomic revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Mesoplia Lepeletier, 1841 from Mexico and Central America is presented. We recognize 4 new species, resulting in a total of 10 species for the study area: Mesoplia (Mesoplia) insignis (Smith, 1879), M. (M.) sapphirina Melo & Rocha-Filho, 2011, M. (M.) regalis (Smith, 1854), M. (M.) dugesi (Cockerell, 1917), M. (M.) rufipes (Perty, 1933), M. (M.) veracruzana sp. nov., M. (M.) oaxacana sp. nov., M. (M.) tica sp. nov., M.(Eumelissa) ornata (Spinola, 1841)and M.(E.) carmelitae sp. nov.